![]() had signed an agreement on increasing the operational readiness of NORAD forces during periods of international tension." After the agreement became effective on October 2, 1959, the JCS defined a system with DEFCONs in November 1959 for the military commands. In October 1959, the JCS Chairman informed NORAD "that Canada and the U.S. Increased intelligence watch and strengthened security measuresĪfter NORAD was created, the command used different readiness levels (Normal, Increased, Maximum) subdivided into eight conditions, e.g., the "Maximum Readiness" level had two conditions "Air Defense Readiness" and "Air Defense Emergency". ![]() ![]() Increase in force readiness above that required for normal readinessĪir Force ready to mobilize in 15 minutes Nuclear war is imminent or has already startedĪrmed forces ready to deploy and engage in less than six hours On January 12, 1966, NORAD "proposed the adoption of the readiness conditions of the JCS system", and information about the levels was declassified in 2006: Readiness condition This is to preclude the possibility of confusing exercise commands with actual operational commands. Levels ĭefense readiness conditions vary between many commands and have changed over time, and the United States Department of Defense uses exercise terms when referring to the DEFCON levels during exercises. military, such as Force Protection Conditions (FPCONS), Readiness Conditions (REDCONS), Information Operations Condition (INFOCON) and its future replacement Cyber Operations Condition (CYBERCON), and Watch Conditions (WATCHCONS), or the former Homeland Security Advisory System used by the United States Department of Homeland Security. The DEFCON 2 levels in the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis and 1991 Gulf War were not worldwide.ĭEFCONs should not be confused with similar systems used by the U.S. According to Air & Space/Smithsonian, as of 2014, the worldwide DEFCON level has never been more severe than DEFCON 3. In general, there is no single DEFCON status for the world or country and it may be set to only include specific geographical areas. Space Force) and different bases or command groups can be activated at different defense conditions. Secretary of Defense through the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Combatant Commanders each level defines specific security, activation and response scenarios for the personnel in question.ĭifferent branches of the U.S. The DEFCON level is controlled primarily by the U.S.
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Domestic passenger car sales were at their highest level in a year. ![]() The aviation sector recovered from the impact of the third wave and returned to pre-pandemic levels, carrying 10.7 million passengers during the month, up nearly 40% from February. Hence, absolute numbers could offer a better measure of progress, but recovery was clear here too. Since the economy was already slowing before the lockdown in March 2020, some base effect has bumped up the numbers in the tracker in March this year. However, the gain was primarily because the tracker reports annualized changes since the same month two years ago to avoid the base effect of the first lockdown. The consumer economy segment of the tracker performed the best in three years, with three indicators above their five-year average trend. However, the report said global supply chain disruptions and weaker global growth prospects as a result of the war in Ukraine could weigh on the country’s economic recovery. In a report released on 8 April, Nomura noted recovery in contact-intensive activities as the pandemic scare subsided and mobility rose rapidly. ![]() ![]() Its colour coding-red, green and amber-is based on the performance relative to the five-year average trend. Launched in October 2018, Mint’s macro tracker provides a comprehensive monthly report on the state of the economy, based on trends in 16 high-frequency indicators across four segments: consumer economy, producer economy, external sector, and ease of living. ![]() ( DS9: " Family Business", " The Magnificent Ferengi", " Ferengi Love Songs") The FCA has the power to remove a Grand Nagus from office, though only in the rare circumstances that it is overwhelmingly obvious he has become medically or mentally unfit for the role (i.e. After doing so, their petition was summarized by the First Clerk before the Nagus reached a decision. In doing so, they were required to pay their respects, literally (in a slip of gold-pressed latinum). ![]() Petitioners regularly sought to speak to the Nagus to solicit advice on business ventures and decisions. The Nagus's offices were located in the Tower of Commerce on Ferenginar, where he presided over the Alliance from the Chamber of Opportunity. ( DS9: " Prophet Motive") Virtually all decisions that affected the Alliance required the approval of the Grand Nagus, whose power was backed by the Ferengi Bill of Opportunities and supported by the Board of Liquidators. At which point it erupts, violently.The Grand Nagus was the leader of the Ferengi Alliance, and the financial leader of billions of Ferengi. however, the contradictions (like women feeling unfulfilled) will build up seemingly unnoticed until it is unavoidable. The practicality was that there were women who wanted to do it and are now capable as they are allowed to study theology and are looking for paid work where they can find it, but the prevailing ideas were behind this, that women shouldn't teach men in the matters of God.įor these reasons, my criticism of idealism aside, it's actually fairly believable that their prejudice towards female members of the species could continue despite its incompatibility. Again, we see how the Anglican community was split on women being clergy. ![]() Simultaneously it was seen that women should stay at home and raise the family as it's her "role", but that in reality, working class women were still doing, and always had to do, paid labour to survive. As a result, a society's capabilities inevitably outstrip its ideas that end up holding it back. These are completely disconnected from the prevailing ideas pushed by those who control society and benefit from it staying still, such as religions and monarchies. Social needs are what drive innovation, and as soon as these needs are met, new ones arrive. So there are outlets for unusual and exceptional Klingons that the Ferengi simply do not replicate in their own culture.Īs such, Ishka's only recourses are to either concede fully to the rules that exist, or to break them. Moreover, there appears to be zero bar to Klingon women becoming warriors and earning social prestige in Klingon society. And while other cultures, like the Klingons, have similar rules in place that formally bar women from acquiring and maintaining power, it's apparent in the very same Ferengi episodes that the Klingons have a certain latitude and flexibility in how they approach those rules, and allow for exceptional cases. If Ferengi women start earning profit, that is but a hop, skip and jump from Ferengi women demanding political power, power that is currently consolidated exclusively among men. ![]() They are made to reinforce existing power structures. So presumably, she can study and write fanfic and stuff, so long as she doesn't profit off it.īut herein lies both the central dramatic tension and the underlying sociological critique that the writers have embedded within the Ferengi episodes: cultural tenets are not made to make sense. I don't know that Ferengi females were barred from reading it's specifically mentioned that it's Ishka who taught Quark and Rom their Rules of Acquisition. ![]() Opera Mini APK file details: Best Android EmulatorsĬom-opera-mini-native-beta-70-0-2254-66375_SOFTSTRIBE. Opera es uno de los navegadores más utilizados. UC Browser can provide you with a smooth experience no matter you are surfing, visiting websites, downloading files or watching videos. UC Browser is a fast, smart and secure web browser. Consigue las últimas actualizaciones del navegador antes que nadie. 91 Download A browser for those who are looking for something different 1/8 Ever since the birth of the internet, libraries. Still, for anyone who previously used Opera, there is absolutely no joy here. ![]() It is a faster, safer way to search and get answers quickly with searching engine. Fast Browsing Speed- With UC team’s tech, UC Mini promises you a fast searching and browsing experience. Windows Browsers Opera Browser Opera Browser for Windows. Brave Private Web Browserīrave Browser is a super fast, private and secure web browser with Adblock. It is 3X faster than other browsers and has over 50 million users. To test the beta release of 1Password for Android, open 1Password in the Google Play Store. Opera Mini allows you to browse the internet fast and privately whilst saving up to 90% of your data. The Opera Mini internet browser has a massive amount of functionalities all in one app. Select Version of Opera to Download for FREE Opera 9.0 Beta 8393 Add info, 3.71 MB Opera 9.0 Beta 8406 Add info, 4.49 MB Opera 9.0, Jun 20, 2006, 6.17. Youre not always at your computer when you need things. Following is the list of Opera Mini browser beta alternatives you may want to try. ![]() This all makes perfect sense according to the economic theory, as bonds should provide the most defensive allocation. In the beginning, we primarily allocate to the US Large Cap equity, which then changes to the US Small Cap towards the more risky portfolios. ![]() As we increase the risk level, the equity allocation increases as well. We see that the most risk-averse portfolio consists primarily of bonds with a minor allocation to Small Cap stocks. Let’s now observe the portfolio allocation for each frontier point. In the beginning, we have a large increase in return when allowing for a bit more risk, while in the end we gain nearly no increase in expected returns for the same increase in risk. We can observe that our efficient frontier looks similar to what we would expect. I use the brilliant Python library PuLP to formulate a linear optimization model, and iteratively find the optimal portfolio for different risk aversions. To illustrate the application of CVaR in a portfolio setting, I download data from Yahoo on 5 ETFs, tracking four equity markets and one aggregated bond market respectively. This effectively leads to the maximization of the Sharpe ratio in the mean-variance setting, and the STAR ratio for CVaR. ![]() This is represented by the shape of the efficient frontier.Īs risk and return are not linearly dependant, it makes sense to consider the marginal increase in expected return when increasing the risk. Hence, increasing the riskiness of a portfolio will not nessecarily result in an equal increase in expected returns. There exist a quadratic relationship between risk and expected return. If we introduce a risk aversion coefficient, then the mean-CVaR portfolio optimisation model can be written: Similar to the mean-variance model, we can construct a portfolio, which maximizes the expected return for some level of risk (in this case, expressed using CVaR). This means that we can easily integrate it in a portfolio optimization framework. So, Conditional Value at Risk is a superior measure of risk and can be mathematically expressed as defined asĬonditional Value at Risk is not only convinient as it better identifies the tail risk than VaR, but it also holds desirable numerical properties such as linearity. Intuitively, this does not make any sense and breaks the reason for diversifying a portfolio. In some special cases for the VaR metric, this statement becomes violated and it becomes mathematically possible to obtain a risk reduction by dividing a portfolio into two sub-portfolios. Here, subadditivity means that a portfolio’s risk cannot exceed the combined risks of the individual positions. In addition, the VaR measurement fails to be risk-coherent as it lacks subadditivity and convexity. the nessesity to assume normally distributed returns. The introduction of CVaR is justified by many numerical problems of using VaR in practice, e.g. The measure is a natural extention of the Value at Risk (VaR) proposed in the Basel II Accord. The metric is computed as an average of the % worst case scenarios over some time horizon. This post is about how to use the Conditional Value at Risk measure in a portfolio optimization framework.Ĭonditional Value at Risk (CVaR) is a popular risk measure among professional investors used to quantify the extent of potential big losses. For example, if a portfolio value drops by 10% then we would need to regain 11.1% to neutralize this loss. Here, the mitigration of large losses is of paramount importance, as gains and losses are asymmetric by nature. Constructing a portfolio with high risk-adjusted returns is all about risk management. ![]() With Bob Swanson licensing agreements with Eli Lilly, KabiVitrum, and others FIPCO strategy Hoffmann-La Roche acquisition ![]() Kirk Raab as chief operating officer and relationship Genentech's board Genentech's IPO Genentech as model for Hybritech, Inc. Trials and dealings with Food and Drug Administration invention of clinical R&D partnerships and junior common stock recruiting To UCSF, City of Hope, and Caltech investments in early Genentech products licensing and manufacturing strategies clinical Kleiner Perkins, Venture Capital, and the Chairmanship of Genentech, 1976-1995, 2002, xix, 82 pp.įounding Kleiner & Perkins and early investments in Tandem Computers and Genentech Ĭhairmanship of Genentech board of directors and executive committee hiring Robert Swanson at Kleiner & Perkins and initialĭealings with Swanson and Herbert Boyer to found Genentech K & P investment in Cetus subcontracting early Genentech research Bugos for the Regional Oral History Office, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, Perkins, "Kleiner Perkins, Venture Capital, and the Chairmanship of Genentech, 1976-1995," an oral history conducted It is recommended that this oral history be cited as follows: Requires that he be notified of the request and allowed thirty days in which to respond. To be quoted, anticipated use of the passages, and identification of the user. ![]() Mail Code 6000, University of California, Berkeley 94720-6000, and should include identification of the specific passages Requests for permission to quote for publication should be addressed to the Regional Oral History Office, 486 Bancroft Library, The manuscript may be quoted for publication without the written permission of the Director of The Bancroft Library of the Including the right to publish, are reserved to The Bancroft Library of the University of California, Berkeley. The manuscript is thereby made available for research purposes. It is a spoken account, offered by the interviewee in response to questioning,Īnd as such it is reflective, partisan, deeply involved, and irreplaceable.Īll uses of this manuscript are covered by a legal agreement between The Regents of the University of California and Thomas The final, verified, or complete narrative of events. Because it is primary material, oral history is not intended to present The corrected manuscript is indexed,īound with photographs and illustrative materials, and placed in The Bancroft Library at the University of California, Berkeley,Īnd in other research collections for scholarly use. Is transcribed, lightly edited for continuity and clarity, and reviewed by the interviewee. Information through tape-recorded interviews between a narrator with firsthand knowledge of historically significant eventsĪnd a well-informed interviewer, with the goal of preserving substantive additions to the historical record. Oral history is a method of collecting historical Since 1954 the Regional Oral History Office has been interviewing leading participants in or well-placed witnesses to majorĮvents in the development of northern California, the West, and the nation. In 2001 Copyright © 2002 by The Regents of the University of California Program in the History of the Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Kleiner Perkins, Venture Capital, and the Chairmanship of Genentech, ![]() The document below can be used to check your answers on the SOL Quizzes that will be done in class as we prepare for the exam. Here is a review packet that was created by a teacher in Newport News.very helpful with nice pics.ENJOY! provides national results about students performance access to state and district results, data explorer, questions tool, item maps, and other NAEP. Here is another practice test! When you get to the end of the test click on the "Check Your Work" button.34 or more correct equates to a "Pass Proficient" score.better yet, 54 or more would equate to a "Pass Advanced"! ![]() ![]() This is a practice test that was posted by a VA school district.give it a try! On which river is the city of Alexandria located answer choices York Potomac Rappahannock James Question 3 30 seconds Q. How many major rivers are located in the Coastal Plain region answer choices 3 6 4 2 Question 2 30 seconds Q. I think you will find that most of the information is found within the curriculum of the AP Human Geography course.or assumed prior knowledge for the AP Human Geography course. 19 Questions Show answers Question 1 30 seconds Q. Review the framework, particularly the column titled "Essential Knowledge". SOL Bootcamps - Come after school from 2:30-4:00 for review games and practice!įrom the website below you can view the Curriculum Framework for the World Geography course that our SOL Test is designed from. Testing Locations are arranged alphabetically. Although the material on the test will be imbedded into the AP Human Geography daily lessons, practicing using the resources below is highly encouraged! Graphic courtesy of The College of William and Mary Department of Geology Virginia, a southern state on the Atlantic Ocean, can be divided into five geographical regions the Atlantic Coastal Plain, the Piedmont, the Blue Ridge, the Appalachian Ridge and Valley Region, and the Appalachian Plateau. It's never too early to start preparing for the SOL test that you will be taking at the end of the school year. Note: you can assume a different null hypothesis for a Chi-square test. I will discuss the next steps in calculating a Chi square value later, but for now I'll focus on the background information. This is the information we would need to calculate the likelihood that gender and party affiliation are independent. ![]() Assuming that there's a 50/50 chance of males or females being in either party, we get the very simple distribution shown below. Meanwhile, however, I've constructed an example which will allow very easy calculations. ![]() This is where the totals we put in the margins will become handy: later on, I'll show how you can calculate your estimated data using the marginals. To test this hypothesis, we need to construct a model which estimates how the data should be distributed if our hypothesis of independence is correct. So, as implied, the null hypothesis in this case would be that gender and party affiliation are independent of one another. A Chi-square test would allow you to test how likely it is that gender and party affiliation are completely independent or in other words, how likely it is that the distribution of males and females in each party is due to chance. ![]() We now have a complete data set on the distribution of 100 individuals into categories of gender (Male/Female) and party affiliation (Democrat/Republican). However, this is actually incomplete, in a sense generally, the data table should include "marginal" information giving the total counts for each column and row, as well as for the whole data set: 2x2 grids like this one are often the basic example for the Chi-square test, but in actuality any size grid would work as well: 3x3, 4x2, etc. The following table would represent a possible input to the Chi-square test, using 2 variables to divide the data: gender and party affiliation. Wherever the observed data doesn't fit the model, the likelihood that the variables are dependent becomes stronger, thus proving the null hypothesis incorrect! The test compares the observed data to a model that distributes the data according to the expectation that the variables are independent. The null hypothesis that the variables are independent. This does not mean that categories based on age are a bad idea, but only that you need to be aware of the control you have over organizing data of that sort.Īnother way to describe the Chi-square test is that it tests For example, if you are working with data on groups of people, you can divide them into age groups (18-25, 26-40, 41-60.) or income level, but the Chi-square test will treat the divisions between those categories exactly the same as the divisions between male and female, or alive and dead! It's up to you to assess whether your categories make sense, and whether the difference (for example) between age 25 and age 26 is enough to make the categories 18-25 and 26-40 meaningful. However, it cannot tell you whether the categories you constructed are meaningful. IMPORTANT: Be very careful when constructing your categories! A Chi-square test can tell you information based on how you divide up the data. Thus, by dividing a class of 54 into groups according to whether they attended class and whether they passed the exam, you might construct a data set like this: Additionally, the data in a Chi-square grid should not be in the form of percentages, or anything other than frequency (count) data. However, arranging students into the categories "Pass" and "Fail" would. For example, if you want to test whether attending class influences how students perform on an exam, using test scores (from 0-100) as data would not be appropriate for a Chi-square test. It will not work with parametric or continuous data (such as height in inches). That means that the data has been counted and divided into categories. It is also called a "goodness of fit" statistic, because it measures how well the observed distribution of data fits with the distribution that is expected if the variables are independent.Ī Chi-square test is designed to analyze categorical data. The Chi-square test is intended to test how likely it is that an observed distribution is due to chance. ![]() Tutorial: Pearson's Chi-square Test for Independence Ling 300, Fall 2008 ![]() Note that the lock level required may differ for each subform. There is a wealth of information to be found describing how to install and use PostgreSQL through the official documentation. There are several subforms described below. PostgreSQL is a powerful, open source object-relational database system with over 35 years of active development that has earned it a strong reputation for reliability, feature robustness, and performance. ![]() This looks like a bug to me - I do not have 9.0 or 9.1 to test on yet, hopefully someone else can't say if it is fixed in those versions or if we should raise it as a bug.Īside: your original will of course fail even with an explicit cast if there are any rows where price>=1000: alter table products alter column price type money using to_char(price, '999.99')::money ĮRROR: invalid input syntax for type money: " #. The PostgreSQL formatting functions provide a powerful set of tools for converting various data types (date/time, integer, floating point, numeric) to formatted strings and for converting from formatted strings to specific data types. ALTER TABLE changes the definition of an existing table. It takes the approach of representing a binary string as a sequence of ASCII characters, while converting those bytes that cannot be represented as an ASCII character into special escape sequences. 3 Answers Sorted by: 9 Just try the following command. ![]() Note that while select to_char(78, '999.99')::money succeeds, the following fails: alter table products alter column price type money using to_char(price, '999.99') ĮRROR: column "price" cannot be cast to type moneyīut with an explicit cast it succeeds: alter table products alter column price type money using to_char(price, '999.99')::money The escape format is the traditional PostgreSQL format for the bytea type. As francs already implied, there is no default cast from integer to money (until 9.1), instead you need an intermediate cast to text: select 78::integer::money The PostgreSQL formatting functions provide a powerful set of tools for converting various data types (date/time, integer, floating point, numeric) to formatted strings and for converting from formatted strings to specific data types. ![]() They had their own 40th anniversary in 2015. Regi Arroyo Helpful I am overjoyed with this purchase The seller was very sweet when I reached out due to seasonal delays with the package. Chie, Chip, Hello Kitty, Kiki, Lala, Maiko, Naomi, Tuxedo Sam Company. It is inspired by the characters Kiki and Lala, a set of twin stars born in. Kiki and Lala were introduced in 1975 and enjoyed popularity in the early 80s. Download high quality Sanrio Characters Tuxedosam Chip Image001 - Tuxedo Sam Gif. The Kiki & Lala Series is a furniture series and collection of clothing that made its first appearance in Animal Crossing: New Horizons as part of the Sanrio collaboration, though the furniture involved debuted in Animal Crossing: New Leaf - Welcome amiibo. Even in the rare circumstances the two get into a fight, the twins manage to get back together fairly quickly. Since Kiki is very curious, he can sometimes put himself in a dangerous situation which makes Lala worry about him. Kiki looks out for his older sister Lala and also thinks it's his job to protect her. She can be a little timid, and she loves drawing, writing poems, and cooking! Like Kiki, she wears a long sleeve white gown and has bare feet.Īs siblings, Kiki and Lala are really close and always play together. Lala ( ララ, Rara), the older sister, has long pink (or sometimes blonde) hair. He wears a long sleeve white gown and has bare feet. His curiosity about everything can make him a little cheeky sometimes. He loves star-fishing and inventing things. Kiki ( キキ, Kiki), the younger brother, has short blue (or sometimes brown) hair. To learn how to be the best, shiniest stars they could be, they traveled a long way to Earth. They were born on December 24th (Christmas Eve) on Omoiyari Star in the Dream Star-Cloud. Little Twin Stars ( リトルツインスターズ, Ritoru Tsuin Sutāzu), Kiki and Lala, are a pair of characters from the Japanese company Sanrio. |
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